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Periodismo científico y comunicación científica en la sociedad del conocimiento

by Admin 12. May 2010 12:42

Media for Science ha comenzado con el recurrente debate sobre la compleja relación entre periodistas y científicos. Del lado de la prensa se encontraban Elisabeth O'Leary, periodista de Reuters y moderadora de la mesa, y Quentin Cooper, de la BBC. El equipo científico contaba con dos destacados investigadores: Juan Luis Arsuaga, director del Centro de Evolución y Comportamiento Humano (UCM-ISCIII), y Luis Serrano, subdirector del Centro de Regulación Genómica.

Serrano y Arsuaga, tras reconocer la importancia y la necesidad de que los científicos comuniquen sus resultados y su labor, han comenzado a disparar con una serie de críticas hacia el mundo del periodismo. Frente a la pretensión de los periodistas de hacer de la ciencia algo 'divertido', Arsuaga ha declarado que "la ciencia no tiene que entretener. La ciencia tiene que ser interesante". La recompensa que la audiencia tiene que obtener tras informarse sobre ciencia no debe ser entretenerse, sino ampliar sus conocimientos. Además, los periodistas tienen que entender que hay cuestiones científicas que no se pueden resumir en un titular, y que informar simplemente de hallazgos y de estudios publicados en revistas científicas deja fuera una parte fundamental de la ciencia: la del pensamiento y la reflexión científica.

Serrano cree que la prensa se enfrenta a varios desafíos. Uno es poder hablar de todo tipo de disciplinas científicas sin tener una formación específica en cada una. Otro reto al que tienen que hacer frente los periodistas es hacer una información rigurosa que no tergiverse la realidad y que no levante falsas esperanzas a partir de los resultados científicos. Serrano considera además que los científicos sufren la presión de encajar sus resultados en un discurso que no contradiga los presupuestos de lo políticamente correcto.

Ambos, sin embargo, coinciden en que los científicos tienen que desarrollar sus habilidades comunicativas, en que la ciudadanía tiene que mejorar su formación científica para poder opinar con conocimiento de causa sobre estas cuestiones, y que la clase política tiene que valorar adecuadamente la ciencia para poder tomar decisiones en ese terreno.

Por su parte, Quentin Cooper ha señalado conciliadoramente que no hay que ver ciencia y periodismo como mundos enfrentados, sino como dos ámbitos que pueden entablar una comunicación muy fructífera. Frente a las críticas al periodismo por simplificar la ciencia, Cooper ha rebatido: "No quiero hacer un periodismo que sólo llegue a los científicos. Es un derecho democrático". El que un periodista no tenga una formación científica excesivamente amplia se puede ver en realidad como una oportunidad, pues así puede plantear las preguntas que se haría la audiencia. Eso sí, Cooper ha reconocido que no hay que caer en un periodismo que trate los resultados científicos como una cura o una amenaza, como señala que hacen muchos medios sensacionalistas.

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Hola, equipo,  
igual que Dan, agradeceros que compartáis la información, muy útil para replantearnos y refrescar los criterios que guían el trabajo del día a día. Me llama la atención haber escuchado los argumentos de Arsuaga entre muchos científicos que trabajan en Asturias, y siempre reconforta observar a un maestro como Cooper defender la posibilidad de elaborar textos de calidad sin ser un experto en ciencia. Estaremos atentos desde Asturias a vuestro trabajo.
Un abrazo.
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