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¿Quiénes son los principales actores de la comunicación científica?

by Admin 12. May 2010 17:53

A esta pregunta han tratado de responder esta tarde un elenco formado por periodistas, press officers y científicos: Tim Radford, veterano periodista de The Guardian, Renilde Vanden Broeck, jefa de prensa del CERN, Hans Peters Peters, científico social en el Forchungszentrum Jülich (Alemania), Patricia Fernández de Lis, redactora jefe de la sección de ciencia de Público y Steve Miller, del European Science Communication Network, en una mesa moderada por Ainoha Goñi, jefa del gabinete de prensa del CSIC.

Cada uno ha ofrecido un punto de vista complementario como actores de los diferentes campos de la comunicación científica. Radford ha abierto el debate echando la vista atrás a los tiempos en que los periodistas no contaban con internet ni con gabinetes de prensa y tenían que acudir directamente a los científicos y a las fuentes. Ahora, el mundo del periodismo científico ha cambiado radicalmente con la presencia de numerosos gabinetes de prensa y con la política de embargos.

Por su parte, Renilde Vanden Broeck ha contado la experiencia del CERN, uno de los laboratorios científicos más grandes del mundo, en el que la parte más importante de la comunicación científica se hace recaer en los propios investigadores. De este modo, el CERN desarrolla toda una labor de formación de las habilidades comunicativas de los científicos, enseñandoles las dinámicas periodísitcas y entrenándoles para comunicar su labor.

Para Hans Peters Peters en los últimos años se ha producido lo que él denomina una mediatización de la ciencia. Este proceso está caracterizado por una institucionalización de las oficinas de prensa, por el hecho de que la comunicación de la ciencia se considera como parte de la labor del científico, por una profesionalización de los contactos con los medios y un uso estratégico de éstos por parte de los gabinetes de prensa. La mediatización de la prensa, considera Peters, tiene efectos positivos y negativos. Entre los primeros se cuenta una mayor visibilidad de la ciencia y un mayor impacto de ésta en las políticas públicas, y entre los segundos, que se mine la confianza pública en la ciencia y que se haga un uso espúreo de ésta (en función de intereses comerciales, políticos, etc.).

"Ayudadnos a ayudaros". Éste ha sido el llamamiento que ha realizado Patricia Fernández de Lis, de Público, a la comunidad científica. Para Fernández de Lis, uno de los principales problemas a los que se enfrentan los periodistas son las reticencias por parte de los científicos, que desconfían de su labor y no comprenden las constricciones del trabajo periodístico.

Finalmente, Steve Miller ha explicado con clarividencia que tenemos que entender que comunicar la ciencia no significa lo mismo para periodistas, gabinetes de prensa y científicos, por lo que es inevitable que haya tensiones. Para evitarlas, lo mejor es conocer a los actores de la comunicación científica y tratar de comprender las cosas desde su punto de vista.

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